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Reverse Osmosis (RO) is a desalination method applied for the rejection of many types of large molecules and ions from feed water, by applying pressure. The result is that the concentrated solute is retained on the pressurized side of the membrane and the pure solvent (water) is allowed to pass to the other side. The selective-permeability of the RO membrane allows smaller components of the solution (freshwater) to pass freely.

Reverse osmosis is most commonly known for its use in water purification of brackish water and seawater by removing the salt & other dissolved substances from the water molecules.